J.A.
Hi D.G.
Man bond with their children the same way we do, by spending time with them and sharing their lives; being their provider and their protector. That is difficult to do from overseas. Considering how young your daughter was when you moved away it is not surprising the relationship hasn't flourished.
As mom's who love our children, we have to take a proactive role in keeping our children's father's involved. I think this is even true of mom's who are married and living with their children's fathers! Many service men have feelings of being outsiders and not connected to their children when they return from active duty overseas and they have to work hard to maintain that relationship. Like any relationship, you have to put the time in.
I'm not sure what you and your ex's issues were, and I am not suggesting, if he were abusive, that you should have stayed involved with him. I am simply saying that the physical act of being so far away makes it difficult to even form a relationship with a child that young. You really have to work at it.
Even if it is not your responsibility, you should for the sake of your daughter, try to encourage and support her relationship with her dad. This means putting away any anger you might have with him over lack of support, abandonment etc.
I would answer your daughter's question simply and matter of factly. i.e. "You have a dad, he lives ___________. One time mommy and daddy loved each other very much and we made you. Grown up lives are sometimes very complicated and mommy and daddy couldn't live together anymore. It is difficult for daddy to see you when we live so far away, but we can try and write him a letter." Finish this converstion on a positive note by saying how lucky you are to have each other and to have met this new man who likes her very much.
Children want to feel safe and secure, they don't care or understand about the issues that you and your ex have experienced. By being positive and matter of fact, you will provide that feeling of safety and security. If your daughter really doesn't even have much memory of your ex, she is not experiencing serious grief she is simply trying to figure out where she fits in in this world and your honest and nonjudgemental answer will be her best chance at processing this information and giving it the proper place in her emotional life. God bless and best wishes.
J. L.