Hey L.,
A couple things: first, this is common stuff, the "I'll do it for others, but not for you" thing. I saw this a lot as a nanny, and at first was a bit judgmental about it. ("Obviously that mom doesn't have control of that kid") ... and then I realized it's really about mom being the *most secure person to express those unpleasant emotions with* as opposed to any big flaws in discipline style.
Oh, and guess what? Boys do it with their moms, too. I had much better cooperation from the children I was a nanny or preschool teacher for than I have ever had with my own son.
One thing I would highly recommend is to look at HOW you are communicating with your daughter. Have you read Faber and Mazlish's most helpful book "How to Talk So Kids Will Listen... And How to Listen So Kids Will Talk"? This book was a game-changer for me, in both my personal and professional relationships. The other book (if you want one) that I found to be spot-on is JoAnne Nordling's "Taking Charge" (Nordling is one of the founders of our local "Family Support Center" and we used her book with parents in helping them through discipline issues at home. I found it to be very thoughtful and well-balanced.)
In keeping with Nordling's philosophy, I would work on trying to keep your daughter's problems with dressing/following directions as hers to deal with, not yours. You shouldn't have to wait an hour for her to be doing as she's told. Were it my son balking at getting dressed, I'd likely walk him to a chair in an out of the way place and just calmly tell him "I see you are not ready to get dressed. You may sit here until you are ready to follow my directions." and walk away. I don't engage at that point. No reasoning, comforting, pleading, etc. Just go do my own thing and if he pops back up or argues, just quietly walk him back to the chair. "Stay here until you are ready..."
Another thing I would do is to stop shielding her from the negative natural consequences of her choices. She won't wear what she is supposed to? First, get her on board with you by showing her that "It says "wear shorts" right here on the calendar/in the newsletter. Which shorts do you want to wear?" "NONE!!!!" Okay, so she is putting up a fuss. Make it HER problem if she doesn't comply. "If you choose to wear a dress, be aware that you will have to change at school because I'm packing the appropriate clothes and your teacher will ask you to change." Then, do JUST that. Let her wear what she chooses to school and just tell the teacher "Suzy knows what she was supposed to wear today for the water activity, however, she made some inappropriate choices. Her shorts and tee shirt are in her backpack and she'll need to go change when you ask her to. Feel free to sit her out if she won't cooperate." Let your daughter experience what happens when she is the recipient of unwanted attention for NOT complying with the rules. Kindergarteners are AWESOME at this sort of peer correction, trust me.
You might consider some unexpected 'in the moment' rewards for the behavior you do want to see. For example, she doesn't argue and cleans up her room quickly. "Sweetie! You did such a great job following my directions right away that we have enough time for a quick game/story". Do not offer the reward with the direction you give (no "If you get this done quickly we can..." ), just make it something unexpected and fun. "We've had such a pleasant morning, I just enjoy spending time with you like this." positive feedback whenever appropriate. Likewise, with arguing, I wouldn't go there too, too much. Pick an two word answer and stick with it. "Shoes, please." or "shorts, now". (this technique is called The Broken Record and is from "Taking Charge"... it's about stating the one obvious thing and REFUSING to argue with them or engage. My son will tell you that I can Broken Record him into just doing it... and he was tough. When he was 4 he could hold out on the Broken Record for about 5 minutes, but I could do it longer.)
Lastly, and I have to stress this, kids *know* how to press our buttons. Staying emotionally neutral and calm during all of this is really helpful. Try to ask yourself in the moment: "Is the fallout from not following directions going to be my problem or her problem to deal with?" Dressed inappropriately for school? As suggested above, make it HER problem. Not eating breakfast within the amount of time necessary for school? HER problem..albeit uncomfortable, this is a learning experience. Don't forget that. Stay calm, don't get into it with her, let natural consequences be a teacher-- and that can only happen if we don't talk too much about it or rub it in their faces. Make sure the consequences fit the misbehavior/lack of cooperation, and that you don't make things 'personal'. I think that's the biggest mistake parents can make. It's one thing to feel bad because 'wow, I messed up and didn't listen to mom and now I'm stuck in an unpleasant situation' and completely another to feel bad because "mom makes me feel like a bad person".
She will respect you when she is allowed to see the logic behind your requests and what you are trying to help her with. This may mean letting her fall on her face, so to speak, a few times so that she understands that your directions/requests are really for her own benefit. Let her do it her own way sometimes and have her deal with the consequences --pick and choose this, of course. We don't tolerate non-compliance when it comes to safety concerns or someone else's property, obviously.
You will have a lot of years ahead of you. If you can remain approachable, willing to let her make some mistakes, and still have loving moments together, I think you can go forward pretty well. Follow through with discipline, even if it means taking her hand and physically removing her from your space to her room when she's arguing, or take her to a chair and walk away. Hard to put on a big show without an audience.
Sorry this was so long, but I hope you find something in this which works for you. And I loved everything B had to say!