Wonderful question. I look forward to reading your responses. But, I wanted to answer it before I read the others so that I would not just say, "yeah, what they said!"
I think one chapter would be called, "It's not about you." When my first couple of children were little, I would get so frustrated at their disobedience. It would just get under my skin. It was like they were doing whatever they were doing *to* me, or to provoke me. Really, they were just being untamed children. :) They were fighting their own sin natures, doing what came naturally. My job (along with my husband, of course) was to teach them how they should behave. It is a LONG process, with victories and set-backs. My job was to be patient, loving, kind, graciously showing them the right way to behave with a certain amount of negative feedback (consistently). Also, to praise their good behavior, of course. Once I realized it "wasn't about me" I had so much more peace. I wasn't as frustrated with their antics. It almost endeared them to me more as I realized how God must view my antics. I have the same struggles with obedience that they have. I certainly want to be treated graciously and patiently in the discipline I receive (natural consequences and God's direct discipline on me in my life). Put things in persepctive for me.
Another chapter: "The days are long, but the years fly by." We all hear it from the moment our first child is born. But, it is so hard to comprehend in the midst of diapers and sleepless nights. But, I wish I had cherished those days more with my older kids. Now, I cling to my precious youngest ones' youth. They are so sweet and fun. I adore mommying the littles. I was too busy and looking forward to tomorrow with the olders. I guess contentment with where you're at is a huge thing I've learned.
I think the most important thing I can teach my children is to love God with everything they are. Follow His commands and precepts. Life is so much more peaceful and filled with blessings when you do. We do this by homeschooling, having a time of family worship everyday (we read the Bible together, sing, and pray together), brining Biblical concepts in the everyday events, struggles, joys. Our principles in our family stem from our understanding of God and His Word. Many of the same things you listed. Truth, love, wisdom, honesty, thankfulness in all situations, understanding God's sovereignty in everything.
We truly have been blessed in our family. God has been merciful and generous to us. My kids love each other, pray for each other, have great fellowship together. My husband is a great leader and provider for us. I seriously think it all comes from the way we live and the basic principles we believe.
Okay, off the read the other responses! Thanks for the question.
Edited to add: I just saw how long my response is (it's hard to see when you are typing!). I think I actually DID write a book. Sorry!!