Think about the last time you were really, really angry with someone you really, really love. I think for most of us, that is a difficult time. People tend to either blow up, or keep the anger inside, and neither approach is really the best. Children tend to blow up, because they don't know how to express anger in a reasonable way. So teach her.
When you see that she is angry, let her know that you understand that she is angry and then help her think of good ways to express herself. Sometimes just feeling understood can help a child to feel calmer and make it less likely that they will lash out. Punishments usually fuel anger and don't really teach a better approach. If she does call you stupid, just remind her that it's OK to be angry, but not OK to call you stupid. If she says she hates you, better to model for her something better, "I still love you, even when I'm feeling angry."
You also might want to think about what kinds of things are making her angry. If the issues are about things like health and safety, like she is upset about having to go to sleep at night, or she doesn't want to ride in the carseat, then there might not be alot of negotiation you can do, but maybe she is wanting more control over other aspects of her life? I thinks sometimes we forget that children have their own perspectives on what they do, wear, eat, etc., that deserve some respect from us.
Edited to add: I'm so glad that you seem to be finding some things that work better for you, especially the awareness that hunger may be contributing to her behavior.
I just wanted to add that if you did want to help her learn to express her feelings it would only work if you gave up on the punishments. At this point, she would need little steps because it is something new for her, and she would need lots of help and support....instead of asking how she feels, you might wonder if she is feeling mad when you see her looking mad. If she knows you are open to hearing her feelings, she will get more comfortable with it. However, it would be hard to express feelings if she has to fear punishment.