This is all, developmental based.
He is 1 years old.
They do this.
At this age and even at 3 & 4 years old, a child does NOT have fully developed "impulse control."
So, even if you tell him no, he will do it again.
In TIME... .when he is older, they will learn and have better control over their impulses.
Biting him back, will not work.
At this age also, they don't even have, fully developed emotions. It is still, developing. They don't even know how to say how they feel. You need to teach them that. They don't even know the vocabulary, for saying things articulately. You need to teach them that. Guide them.
You need to teach them 'how' to communicate, how to express themselves, how to tell "you" how they feel good or bad. So that, their Parent, becomes a place for them to learn... not just fear.
Some adults, don't even know how to handle their frustrations. They hit too. Or worse.
So, a child needs to be taught this. Coping-skills, expression of their feelings, and to 'trust' their parent that their parent will help them....
They grow out of this phase.
Or he may be teething.
This is all, developmental based.
Maybe get a book in age development. Because at each age, things comes up, and all kids do this.
ALSO important, is to keep parental 'expectations' of the child, age-appropriate. Don't expect, something that is older than him or his age. That will only lead to frustration, for both parent and child. Then frustration leads to other behavioral 'issues.'
This is only 1, of MANY phases of a child, developmentally.
Even the best most perfect child.... will err and do things like this.
At this age, redirection and distraction, is the best way to teach a child.
Not cave-man styles of discipline.
Keep in mind, that 'discipline' only works... IF a child is ALSO taught, the reasoning for things in life. Concepts. Per their age for understanding.
A child this age, does not have understanding of the world and reactions, succinctly nor of the innuendos or abstract feelings of themselves or other people.
They are learning.
He is so young... to be expected to act like a much older child.
Remember, this is normal stuff.
A child, will all their lives... make mistakes, do things out of frustration or out of tiredness etc. BUT, so, they need to be taught about concepts and behavior.... all their lives.
That is childhood.
When he gets older, other phases will come up. At 2 years old, 3 years old, 4 years old etc.
A good book series is: "Your One Year Old", "Your Two Year Old", "Your 3 Year Old" etc. From Amazon.
Each book, is for each age and describes what each age is like.
Although written years ago, it is still, spot on and applicable.
Children are children.
How a Child learns to cope and how to behave and how to handle themselves... is directly affected by, HOW their parent teaches that to them, or not. And not only by punishing or scolding.
As always, not even some adults were taught that as children. Then they grow up being an Adult, who STILL has these problems, and not knowing 'how' to handle their frustrations. Despite being punished for it as a child.
A child, NEEDS to learn... that they CAN express themselves to their parent. Too.
all the best,
Susan