I think the most important thing in this whole situation is that your family needs to sit down and prepare, especially since your daughter will soon be a teen and will be going out more and more, and it sounds like you and your husband work a lot. So you all need to talk about:
1. With whom and when and where your daughter may go out, and how she is to inform you of her whereabouts (a note written before she goes out, a text?) What will her curfew be?
2. Spending money: you and your husband need to make sure that at the beginning of the week you set aside a certain amount of spending money for your daughter, and that she is accountable for what she spends. Discuss what she can buy (maybe up to $10 or so on random treats), and what she has to check with you on before purchasing. Where will the money be kept? Where will she put receipts for purchases?
3. Role play safety procedures. Have her practice checking keys, money, phone, etc, before walking away from an ATM machine, etc. I always taught my kids to stand still in front of the ATM and put their money away before turning around and leaving. So many kids grab the cash, and run to the movie ticket counter, or wherever, and don't remember their card, or drop money in the process. I told them not to worry about holding up the line for the few seconds it took to put the money away and check their wallet, ATM card, etc. Teach your daughter a little code to think, like "KMP", (keys, money, phone) or something clever.
4. Establish a code that she can use if she's in an uncomfortable situation. For example if she's out and her friend pulls out a bottle of beer, or if she doesn't feel comfortable for whatever reason, have her call you and say something innocent like "mom, when I get home can you remind me about that math homework?" or "I forgot to give you a phone message. Uncle Bill called" which is code for "I'm in a potentially bad situation. I need you to ask me yes or no questions and come get me." You be the bad guy and tell her you just realized she didn't do her chores and you're coming to get her. Almost no teen will call and say "gee, mom, my friend is drinking or got into a fight" but they are more likely to call and use the code words.
Write these expectations and rules down like a contract. Tell your daughter that plans were a little haphazard, but from now on, the whole family will establish some accountability and boundaries and structure.
Don't punish her, because it was a typical mistake. Taking away the phone doesn't really make sense, but having her earn the money back does. Now you know that she has demonstrated that she's not responsible enough to function without some strict policies in place. Tell her that she can earn more trust and responsibility and privileges by adhering to the rules and being careful with her possessions.