Your story sounds very familiar to me, except that I broke the rules by nursing my baby to sleep rather than rocking him:) It was the only thing that worked! When he was a little over 12 mos, we finally tried the cry it out method. We had been cosleeping, but that wasn't working anymore. We tried the non-cry it out methods, and they did not work for us.
Here's what we did: the first night, we went in his room at 5, 10, 15 minutes, and kept up 15 until he finally fell asleep. He cried for over an hour and so did I! However, we remained calm inside his room and gently talked to him and layed him back down. It was really, really hard. But he fell asleep eventually and slept until morning.
The second night was wonderful -- I put him in bed asleep and he stayed in his crib, although we went in a couple of times (under a minute each) to sooth him back to sleep.
The third and fourth night were hard. We put him to bed asleep, he woke up around 2:00 am, and we repeated the first night. We did use shorter intervals, 5, 8, and 10 (I think), because we felt more comfortable with that. Both nights he cried for over an hour and then spent the rest of the night in his crib sleeping.
We had three bad nights, and I think that is a pretty common number. After that, I put him in his crib awake or asleep, and he usually laid down. Several times he cried for 1-5 minutes, and when I went in to sooth him he would lay down when I told him to, then fall asleep pretty quickly after I left him again.
It has been a few months now, and we haven't had a problem with him going to bed since those first nights. My son literally did not sleep in his crib more than three times his whole first year, and now he goes to bed very easily!
He has been waking up happier and more refreshed. I was really, really against letting him cry it out, and it was very hard; but this felt like our last solution.
I should also say that he used to wake up 1-4 times a night, and he was quickly to the point that he was easily soothed back to sleep in seconds (even learned the phrase "lay your head down" in less than a week!). Now, we seldom go in his room in the middle of the night anymore; sometimes when we do, he is already back to sleep on his own. We never have to spent more than a minute helping him now with night waking. We are all sleeping much better.
I am still nursing my 15 mo. old morning and night with an eye towards dropping at least one of those sessions pretty soon; but I think I would deal with the sleep issues, then move to weaning.
Sorry this is so long! You can message me if you want to know any more:) Good luck!