hi E....
i know what i am about to say sounds rather simple, i in no way intend it to be in any way shape or form condesending, but have you tried to open up discussion when things aren't so manic?
try simply talking to him, he is five so capable of simple reasoning, discusss with him how you feel, how others feel when he has these outbursts? how would he feel if he were met with similar actions by you your husband, his teachers, friends, etc. when approached by him. point out how other people out in the world act when you come in contact with them; restaurants, pet store, safeway, doctor's office etc., everyday, all the time constantly discuss in the car on leaving said place how your visit may have been different had there been chairs flying screaming and defiance, laugh about the absurdity of it all, then remind him about how difficult getting anything done with his rage and unacceptable behavior is just as it would be were it to occur at the store, then ask how he could better express himself, ask him how you can better help him not get to that point.
make him the master of his universe, (you are, unbeknownst to him, ultimately in control of), even asking him how he should be punished when he does act this way (remember, you have to decide on this punishment too) then remind him how much more plesent he is when he uses his words calmly, how much you do not want to punish him and how as a family you will all work to help eachother not act in such a manner, and try together to recognize what starts the storm and calm the storm before it escalates to such ugliness
it will take time and effort and constant discussion and reminding but with love and determination you will find your way back to civilization.
i have read the other responses, and while some of the suggestions may eventually inhibit the targeted bad behavior you're hoping to curtail, it can many times over force a child to find a way around it, causing him to act out in other ways, a new improved sneakier way to control situations and people.
simple action will not suffice, there are emotions at hand here many children, often times very bright children can find no way to get and maintain control of, and this is what needs to be dealt with. you know your child best and how best to reach them emotionally.
it is possible that instead of closing the door on his room and letting him fit it out (because as an adult he may always have to go to such an angry place to deal emotionally and you will have been the one instilling such social ineptness) you take his face inb your hands get down on his level and tell him "I LOVE you so much, I DO NOT LIKE your behavior at all, do you hear me" then grab him in a full on embrace "I LOVE YOU so much, RIGHT NOW you need to stop, do you hear me" repeat it a coupla times or until he says yes, be sure to approve of his response ie. "good, i love that your listening, and i love it when we can talk to eachother" or "i like that you heard me, i love you and your ears and that we can talk to eachother" then tell him what happens next. "Right now we're gonna stop and when we have calmed down we will talk about how you're feeling, and how and why this happened." then allow him to go to his room if he'd like to think about it, scream about it or break more stuff, and remind him to come to you when he is calm enough to talk, or you will come to him a little later in case he gets sidetracked. then be sure you follow up you must you must you must keep your word, stay in control, and meet him with only calm patience, he will begin to learn these things and meet future challanges with them in his arsenal instead of angry flying chairs and puzzles, by mirroring your ability to cope and maintain composure in times of crisis.
So if you find yourself heading towords out of control and are truely at your wits end and incapable of effective parenting, if nothing else, stay calm "your behavior is rotten, and i refuse to take part in any of it so right now, i will calm down, and i will walk away" or if he needs to be removed from a dire situation, follow it up with "we will calm down and we will walk away" then revisit with discussion when all becomes mostly calm.
discussion, patience and maintaining calm reasonable control are key if you wish to teach him to better serve himself and needs using rational thought and honest disscussion when seeking self justification and emotional clairification rather than irrational behaviorial outburts driven by so many new and to a child, desparately confusing and unfortunatelty for us parents uncontrolable, emotions...you know, teach him how not to get so angry.
however once all is well and good and a good while after all is calm, well and good (you never, ever, never ever, never, poke a bear) remind him that angry is ok and necessary. tell him and show him (your face and tone of voice) how angry you get, especially when he behaves in that way, then show him how you shake it off thanking him for discussing your anger with you, so that he'll understand and come to LEARN how safe and proactive dialogue with the people he loves and/or trusts can be. we can only hope, carrying it into adulthood.
best of luck,
aline