The key to sleep training is putting him in his crib while he's still awake so he figures out how to comfort himself. A bassinet would be fine too as long as he can't roll over yet. Mine often napped in a little rolling bassinet in whatever room of the house I was in.
Try changing his diaper after rocking and feeding him so that he wakes up before you put him down. Then pat him, talk to him, etc. and come back to check on him every 5 or 10 minutes. Maybe if he's still awake after 30 min you might pick him up and rock, cuddle for a while, then put him down again. If you're really consistent, there should be less and less crying over several days until one day you put him down without much fuss at all.
You might check out the Happiest Baby on the Block book/CDs/DVDs. I think they recommend some sort of white noise. I have friends who turned a radio on static, others used an oscillating fan. We played the same music at sleep times.
Also, it will be hard to sleep well if he's overstimulated. You mentioned that he seemed "too excited" to sleep. Try checking the clock when he wakes up and pay attention to how long he's awake after a feeding. If you are using the routine of sleep, eat, awake/play, there should be about 4 hours (give or take up to an hour and a half depending on the kid and the time of day) from the beginning of one feeding to the beginning of the next, and the baby really shouldn't be awake much longer than an hour at once. There may be one cycle during the day where he stays up closer to 2 hours, but that's about tops for a little guy like yours. I know it seems odd to put a seemingly wide awake baby to bed, but crying is actually a late sign of tiredness. He should have some earlier clues like restlessness, turning away from objects, or what seems like boredom. Basically, as soon as you start trying different things just to keep him quiet, that's the point he's telling you he's done with awake time and ready for some shut-eye.
good luck!