Hi from a fellow Texan living in CO! I really think you will like it here. Yes, we have winter and that will take some getting used to, but it is so much milder of a winter than most places, and the summers are not humid and not super hot! I think its a good trade-off. Plus, we have decent Mexican food (but nothing beats Texas for that!). And, the mountains are tons of fun for kids- especially in the summertime.
Now, to answer your question as best I can, I would recommend looking in Highlands Ranch (it was rated one of the top ten places to live in the nation last year). There is a gated golf community called the Golf Club that is really nice. I'm not totally sure why you want a golf community, but if you want a gated community without the golf, there is also the Backcountry that has amazing mountain views and is gated (and brand new). We live in Firelight and although it is not gated, the homes are beautiful, new, and we back to a reserve, so we get some cool wildlife and amazing bike and hike trails outside our backyard. This is a really safe area of town! The benefits of Highlands Ranch is that the homes are newer (and still building) and living in the community makes you a part of the community association. I think its like $125 quarterly and you have free access to the four rec centers (which are amazing), the maintained trail system and tons of free concerts and events for kids. Check it out as http://www.hrcaonline.org/Home.aspx The point is that is is very kids oriented with tons of stuff to do, and its close to downtown as well. It is part of the Douglas County schools, which you have read about in other responses. I've heard that Cherry Creek is the best, but I've been happy with DCSD. Plus, you can open enroll your kids in any school, so if you are unhappy with your neighborhood school, you have tons of options open to you. I went to Klein High School near Houston and they are one of the best school districts in the state of Texas, so I understand you wanting a good school. We've been pleased with our choices here (such as I just open- enrolled my son in a peanut free school in Highlands Ranch for kindergarten and it was no prob). Let me know if you start looking in Highlands Ranch and I can recommend a great realtor! Or, I'd be happy to answer any more questions for you as I understand!