Hi, you've received some great advice, and I would add to it to be sure to follow you heart at all times. What works for one mom's kids may not be the right solution for yours. Trust your instincts. And beware of the "shoulds" (i.e., "You should do this or that" kind of advice.)
I heard somewhere in my child development classes that very young children learn to play alone gradually, and it is based on how secure they feel overall. Feeling secure is based on the quality of time spent with mommy or daddy. Once they feel secure and safe, they are able to go longer periods without you right next to them.
Forcing them to be "alone" when they do not feel safe and confident only sets up a situation of more anxiety--which will either manifest iself now, or later, or both. In other words, they may get more clingy instead of independent, or they may become withdrawn and mooody, etc. There is no set pattern that for all babues, although this issue of safety and security certainly affects the majority of babies.
There is a wonderful book called The Continuum Concept that chronicles the journey of a woman anthropologist who happened upon a tribe deep in the heart of the Amazon jungle. The tribe had had virtually no contact with the outside world until she visited (it was in the 70s).
And one of the most astonishing things she observed was: Their children never cried! Not even the babies! There was no whining, no clinging, no temper tantrums, no screamings, no problems sharing, and no separation anxiety at all.
And the adults in the community were ALWAYS happy, secure and confident. They often stopped their "work" during the day to tell jokes and laugh with one another. They all worked harmoniously as a team. There was no competition for resources, or scurrying to outdo each other, or comparisons of each others' accomplishments. In fact, she discovered that there wasn't even a word for "work" in their vocabulary!!!
She observed them intently to discover the "secret" to the tribe's serenity, happiness and sense of community. And what she discovered was: It had to do with how they raised their children from birth.
In a nutshell, for the first two years of life, the baby was never put down, but was always held, either by the mother or father or another adult in the community. Consequently, the child always felt safe and protected, never afraid, and of course could nurse any time he wanted. The child of course slept within the embrace of the mother.
By about two years, the child (who had developed an incredible sence of confidence and peace) naturally began venturing out to "explore" the world around him, knowing that he could return at any time to the safe and loving arms of his parents or any other adult in the community. Gradually, as the two-year-old got older, he would extend the length of time away from one of the adults and remained as happy and secure as before.
The conclusion of the anthropolist? The babies/children were raised with such constant care and attention, love and safety, that when it came time for them to naturally want to explore (i.e., leave their parents to see / explore their world), they could do so from a place of complete love and safety, virtually without fear or anxiety.
I hope I am doing the book justice. I think I need to read it again. :-)
Obviously, we live in a different world - one that makes it virtually impossible to never put out child down. However, the experiences of this tribe - who as the anthropologist noted grew up to be completely happy and peaceful adults - cannot be ignored.
There are so many wonderful lessons to take away, namely, that the quality of the time we spend with our little ones is so important, and that it is critical that they always feel safe, protected and loved. It would seem that the only way that they learn this is from the direct response they get from their parents and community at large.
So yes, we have to make dinner and do laundry, and all kinds of other stuff. So the challenge is how to get it all done WHILE AT THE SAME TIME conveying a sense of safety and security to our little ones, so that when they get older, they are free and confident little explorers.
To me, a baby's cry is an indication that he/she needs something. ANd the stronger the cry or demand, the stronger the need. The Amazon tribe shows that constant attention does not create a needy or clingy child. To the contrary, it is the child who feels an absence of security and safety that is calling out for attention. I hope we all do the best by our children by listening to their little pleas, rather than trying to understand it with our adult brains. It was just recently that much of the Dr. Spock advice - the Bible of the 50s, 60s and 70s - has been repudiated.
I say, let's follow out hearts and listen to our little ones. Isn't that why we had children, to love and care for them? I am reminding myself that they are never an inconvenience, but a blessing to be revered and cared for with the utmost of love - my top priority!
Sending you much love and best wishes for you and your family!