When a child is in the midst of a tantrum or crying... it is not the time to expect them to talk rationally. A child is not rational at this time and it will only get them more irked. So you need to wait for them to "deflate" first. Which a child will do if given a chance.
Wait until he is calm first... then talk about it. Also, a 2.5 year old is not yet fully articulate about their emotions, & their emotions are not even fully developed yet at this age nor their complete understanding of it or their ability to cope with it.
But sure, they can get what cause & effect is, hence, "consequences."
BUT a 2.5 year old is not going to have a "conversation" at an adult level nor be able to talk about it.
If he is still crying, he won't be able to talk about it or have a conversation... and him not wanting to talk to you means he is a bit miffed and not happy about it. Or... MAYBE he has his own reason about what happened. But their "impulse control" ability at this age, is not even fully developed yet either... so they can't "perfectly" do things at-will 100% of the time. Especially at this age.
For me, what I do is instead of expecting my kids to respond perfectly about something... I tell them to just "try your best." That way, they are able to attain it, because no child can be perfect. And for some kids, just knowing that they are expected to act "perfect" can really set them off... because it will never be perfect enough. It is UNattainable.
So make things, your "expectations" approachable and attainable... and in line with his age and maturity. Otherwise, you and he will get frustrated. If he knows that "trying your best" is good and positive... then a child will more than likely try.... and when they do (even if it is NOT perfect) praise them, for trying. The end result does not have to be "perfect" but that they are able to "try their best" and thereby showing that they ARE doing it... and that that is good. And makes Mommy happy.
Kids... by nature, do not listen all the time. Especially if they are young. So, do we punish for each single time they don't listen... or do we help them learn how to cope with "mistakes" and then teach them alternatives? Or is it because they are on purpose being "bad?" So you have to ascertain that. And maybe he has a reason?
Its good you try to talk to him about "why" he is in time-out... but also, practice with him about expressing HIMself too... and explaining "why" he did a certain thing or not. Then, as a TEAM... work through it... and offer him alternatives. Help him to communicate his ideas too. Sometimes, I have timed-out my kids... only to realize that they were not actually at "fault" and when I gave my daughter a "chance" to explain her actions... I realized, I was wrong. She was not going anything "naughty"... but she merely was trying to finish something first, BEFORE she did what I had requested. She didn't do it "fast enough" for me according to my expectations... and in a rush to have her do it... I made her go to her room. It was my fault. She was not willfully doing anything "bad" or not listening to me... (she was listening to me), but I erred and mistakenly assumed she was not listening.... because she didn't do it right that second.
So, yes, a child needs to listen, they need to do what we say... but it won't happen exactly all the time. So, in light of that and their own ability... and the situation... teach him how to express himself too... and how to "try his best..." too. Because, all throughout childhood... a child/kid will not always listen so accurately or promptly. But for me at least... I just teach my kids to TRY their best... or how to "help Mommy".....
I actually don't like time-outs & it doesn't teach them anything except retribution or punitive-ness... and I don't think it works across the board. But sometimes, I just have my kids go to another room.. and I tell them Mommy has to deflate. Or I go to another room myself.
*Adding this: Just last week, my daughter (who is 7), had a class field trip. One of her classmates was going to go. But then her Mom, who was standing there with her daughter, this girl... MADE her stand there by the bus and the group of kids while they were getting to leave for the field trip. The girl was crying uncontrollably and being scolded by her Mom out loud in front of ALL the kids and Teachers. The Mom then told her loudly "See... you can't go on the field trip!... TELL the kids WHY you can't go..." And the girl while crying said "BECAUSE I didn't listen last night..." then the Mom said "Say it louder..." So her girl repeated that. While crying. The Mom, denied her daughter the field trip (a kind of time-out), for not listening to her the previous night. And in front of everyone, she made her daughter WATCH the other kids get ready and get in the bus for the field trip, without her. Everyone was aghast. It as an extreme "lesson" the Mom was doing upon her girl for "not listening" to her the night before. This girl is 7 years old. And I guarantee you, this will NOT be the last time she does not listen, perfectly, to her Mom. This "punishment" the Mom did to her... will not "solve" it. Because... kids do not listen all the time. By nature. Even adults don't listen all the time, nor Spouses. This is just an extreme example of "time-out" for a child. Being denied and being banished elsewhere. And even if this girl is older, 7 years old, you see that not even at this age, do kids always "listen." So what then? The main thing is to teach a RECIPROCAL behavior where the child knows what "team-work" is and "helping" and how they will make "mistakes" but that they can have a chance to work through it and express themselves and understand that. No child will listen perfectly. So you need to teach the child other ways of "transitioning" to your cues or by what they need to do. Giving them incentive. Not fear only, of punishments. Then they will learn respect etc. all that good stuff we want them to learn for behavior.
just some ideas, sorry for rambling and being long-winded,
All the best,
Susan