There is a kitty waiting desperately for you!
Think about whether you want a little kitten or a cat. Having a little kitten is like having a baby at home. Kitty will need to be watched because he/she isn't very smart yet (!) and can be hurt more easily. An older kitten or cat has a little more sense, but can be just as loving and playful.
Look for books at the library so you can do research as a family on what living with a cat is like.
You might locate a vet near you and pick his/her brain about the right kind of cat for your home. Ask about de-clawing (our cats are front-paw-declawed because they're indoor/outdoor cats; their hind claws help them outdoors but don't hurt anything indoors. However, de-clawing is controversial), indoor cat life (preferable), health issues, and training. Once you adopt your cat, you may want your new vet to check him/her right away, because shelter cats can catch diseases while they're there (don't let that scare you off).
Cats are usually pretty quick to take to a litter box. You need to keep it clean.
A scratching post is good, but keep in mind that it needs to be very sturdy; kitty won't be scratching it gently! A post that falls over will be abandoned, so a single post that seems sturdy enough for an eight-week-old kitten may be useless six weeks later. You might keep an eye out for a used cat perch - a heavy, furniture-like piece with several levels which are used for scratching, climbing, playing, and many other things. Cats also like toys to chase and places to hide. Don't use plastic bags but try paper sacks or cardboard boxes. Cats will also choose some toys you might not have thought about... like your toes.
Cats like the nighttime. A kitten may love to play all night... with you. Our older cats (they're all older now) let us sleep but they still like to get up and wander or play around in the wee hours of the morning.
We've used squirt bottles to keep our cats away from dangerous places (like the disposal in the kitchen!). It is not mean, but it is annoying; cats don't like being annoyed, so they avoid the spot eventually, but the water won't hurt them.
There's a saying: "Dogs have owners; cats have staff." In a sense it's true, but cats can be as loving and loyal, in their own ways, as dogs are.
P.S. We've had both boys and girls (our cats come to us). Boys will spray. Neutering is supposed to help with that. Some of our boys weren't aware of it. Or maybe they didn't realize they'd been fixed.
P.P.S. Pick up a small bottle of Nature's Miracle at the pet store. You'll need it sooner or later.