Pam-
I've got 4 cats. I am a dog person...but I don't have the time to devote to training, and we like to be out and about. A dog would be miserable with our schedule. Our kitties do just fine.
I have one 'dog' cat, Harry. He comes when you call him. If you look at him, he purrs. He loves to be touched, and will even let you rub his belly. He's a big old orange tomcat, no pedigree, just from a shelter. Our other goofball, George, is a tabby, and he has character galore. He loves to be pet, too, and he knows when he's done something he's not supposed to because he'll immediately roll over on his back when he sees me coming. He'll also jump from the floor to my arms when I pat my chest (cats can be trained, they just have to want to be).
Litterboxes do not have to be stinky. Scoop them once a day. Use litter box liners, or disinfect the pan every month. And use cat box deoderizer (keeps the smell away, and makes the clumps not stick to the pan.)
Declawing is, IMO, an incredibly awful procedure and I would never subject my cats to it (and I'm not a tree-hugging, granola-eating type). Do some research on what they do to 'de-claw', and it's pretty gruesome. Anyway, my cats have all their claws, and I use Soft Paws (www.softpaws.com). They're little nail caps that fit over the nail, so that when they do their natural cat stuff, they won't scratch anything up. Scratching isn't about sharpening the claws as much as marking territory and stretching.
We got out first cat when my son was 5 and my daughter 2. I think your daughter is at a fine age. And I would really recommend heading out to shelters to meet some cats rather than buy a pedigreed cat. There are so, so, so many stray cats out there. George came in off the street, and all the rest of my cats were shelter rescues. YOu can tell a cat's personality right away in a shelter; they don't hide anything while sitting in a little cage. Harry purred at me through the bars; our first cat jumped right up in my son's lap when we brought him to the little 'meeting room' (he is quite a lap cat). Plus you'd be saving a life, and that's a great lesson for your little one.
Good luck (from a reformed dog lover).