EDIT: Based on your updates, I have to say that I'm concerned that your daughter has no social life, no friends, no activities. I would have intervened in this a long time ago. I don't think forcing her to do anything is going to work. If she is so isolated, is moody, is angry and does nothing (no energy, no pleasure in life), then I think she needs an evaluation for depression or anxiety. Please contact the doctor.
Original answer:
Can you say more about how long this has gone on, and why taking away her phone didn't work? How long did you take the phone for? And how is it that she has it back if she didn't do what she is supposed to? Did she nag you into it, and you caved? Was it too much of a hassle for you? Then it's about you, and she has no incentive to learn/change.
She's 17. If she's in a mood, that's one thing. If she's always been this way and you've just reached the end of your patience, that's another thing. If she has never had much responsibility, it's late in the game to teach it.
Absent depression, I'd say she's in that selfish "I hate my life/parents" phase that a lot of kids get when they are faced with heading out on their own. I don't know what her plans are (college? job?), but she's probably scared or apprehensive. So she's making it your fault. She may cling to her cherished senior year friends/routines because she's afraid to leave them behind.
So what you do is say, "Your room is your responsibility. I will not say another word about it, and I will not do anything about it. If it's a mess and you're happy, fine. If you're unhappy, it's up to you to do something about it." Shut the door and don't give it another thought. If she can't find stuff, it's not your problem. Set that out as a condition up front. She is now, 100%, in charge of her own laundry, ironing, folding, cleaning. If her clothes are washed, she's either wearing dirty stuff or she will, on her own, realize that something needs to be done (namely, a load or six of wash). You give her the adult freedom to take care of her own business. She doesn't want your involvement, fine. She's off the hook for general chores for the betterment of the entire family, and solely in charge of her own corner of the world: her clothing, her wash, her room, her meals, her packing of lunches.
You are paying her phone bill and her internet bill, I presume. Set a date by when you will stop doing that. She can get a job, or she can give up the items. Why does she NEED a phone? Seriously - think about that? Is it a convenience for you to know when to pick her up? Then stop picking her up. Don't make this about your convenience - otherwise, she has you over a barrel. Do NOT give in to teenage whining - did you give in to toddler whining? Set firm dates by when you will turn over her adult responsibilities to HER, and DO NOT BACK DOWN! It has to be HER choice to do or to do without.
Is she going to college? Has she done her applications/essays? Sometimes they do the essays as part of English class, but you can let her be in charge of it. If she doesn't do them, she doesn't go away to school. She can go to the community college if she wants to, or she can go into the workforce. If her life is just so hard that she cannot manage it, then you can agree to pay for a counselor or a life coach, but not to bail her out.
If she is like this because you have bailed her out for her whole life, then you need to accept your role in it, and you need to get her a life coach to help her identify her own wishes/goals and develop a plan to reach them. She cannot continue to be handicapped by lack of skills.
I think you have to really focus on what's important to you. To me, it's not important that a kid's room be clean - it's important that kids can manage their own schedule and set priorities (their own priorities, sure) without me bailing them out as if they are 5 or 9 or 12. It's important that a kid have skills to be in the adult world, not that the room be cleaned for YOU. Let them clean it so they can function without your involvement whatsoever. They learn really fast if you don't then cave in, yell about how much you now have to do, and go clean and do all that laundry.
Stop getting her up for school (if she's late, she can explain it to the principal when she checks in). Stop making her lunches (if she's hungry, she can pack it the night before or get up 5 minutes early or spent 5 fewer minutes in front of the mirror - and don't give her lunch money). Stop the laundry. Stop the arguing - that's the main thing - she can't fight if you don't get sucked into it.
The only place I draw the line is food residue and the resulting mold or bugs in the bedroom. In that case, I would go in and put everything (yes, everything) in trash bags and put it in the garage. She can go through it at her leisure and clean before things come back in the house. You'd be surprised how fast kids learn if people hold them accountable.