At first I was taken aback by your question. You're still feeding him? I worked in several daycares prior to becoming a mom and we never fed our 11 month olds. Usually about 9-10 months they were entirely feeding themselves. By 15 months or so they could even use spoons and forks.
So when I have my own babies (I'm pregnant with #5) by about 9-10 months my babies were eating the same foods we were eating. Eating is never on the carpet but you can put a plastic sheet/table cloth down to make clean up quicker. I often take off clothes if it's warm enough but you can buy some pretty cool bibs that cover the clothes almost completely too (sleeves and all!)
If you want to serve soup make something with veggies, noodles and meat and just remove the solids from the liquid that he can feed himself.
If he starts throwing food tell him no and push his hand away from the food. If he does it again you can spat his hand or even take him down and tell him he's done. He'll learn that if he wants to keep eating he MAY NOT throw food. But yes, he will still drop food. My 6,5, 3 1/2 year olds still get food on the table and floor.