T.M.
My boys were trained at 2years 3months and 2years 4months. I started by rewarding them simply for sitting on the potty, then for peeing (even if in their diaper) in the potty room, then for peeing on the potty. I tried lots of different rewards (stickers, animal crackers, potty dance, mini marshmallows) and what finally did it for both of them were potty presents. I got a basket, filled it with dollar store toys that were wrapped, and kept it in the bathroom. They were only allowed to look at the presents while sitting on the potty, and every time they had a success they got to choose a present. Eventually we went from every success being rewarded to breaking the day in half (going all morning without an accident, and all evening without an accident), eventually to all day. We did about 10-20 presents for each "stage."
I will say that we started training each of them (getting them familar with the potty) at 2, but that we backed off if they weren't ready. If they weren't showing improvement in 2 or 3 days we stopped for a week or two, then started again. When they're ready, they're ready, if not, you can't force it.
As for standing/sitting, mine learned sitting on the potty, and as another poster said, we taught them right away to "tuck it in" so as not to spray all over! I can't quite remember when we switched to standing at the big potty, maybe around age 3?