I've lived in the city for almost 20 years as a single, young married and now a mother. We live in Grant Park and LOVE IT, and there are great charter schools here. If you want something close to Buckhead, check out Garden Hills,Chastain Park, Morningside, Va Highlands and Ansley Park. All have great public school options! Don't be misled that you have to use private schools intown. That's simply not true. We have some fabulous private schools, but we also have some excellent public schools and public charter schools. Druid Hills and city of Decatur aren't TOO far from Buckhead and have fabulous schools and lovely homes. Decatur is a wonderful community with a great small-town feel and a fabulous downtown area of shops, bars, restaurants,etc. It's a very kid-friendly and diverse community as well.I have to admit, I cannot STAND the suburbs of Atlanta (and I have lived in several of them), and many friends of mine have moved out there because they thought they had to when having kids only to discover that those of us living intown had the real community feeling with tons of playgroups, good charter schools, great shopping, cultural events and diversity.
One thing you need to think of is what your socio-political beliefs are. There are definitely some interesting pockets in the 'burbs, but you can think of the city of Atlanta (commonly referred to as ITP -inside the perimeter as opposed to OTP -outside the perimeter (I-285 that rings the city)) as a little island of blue in a sea of red. There are certainly differing views everywhere, but you find a lot of liberal and independent viewpoints in town. Intown Atlanta also has a large and active gay community and, far the most part, it's very racially diverse. Depending on the suburb you choose, some are racially diverse, but many are not.
If you're looking OTP, I would suggest Vinings/Smyrna. The people I know who have moved out of the city to the burbs have been happy there, but that's really the only place. It's VERY close to town and has really pretty homes.
If you want to email me privately, please feel free. I grew up an hour south of the city and have lived in the city my entire adult life. I don't want to completely offend anyone, but I would be happy to let you know some places you do NOT want to buy in and why!