A.,
I'm so sorry that everything has not turned out as you would have dreamed. Your family will be in my prayers - it would be awesome if you get a chance to update us all when your son gets out! I think you have gotten some great advice here. Primarily, you and your husband are your son's best advocates. No one else there, no matter how well-intentioned, is going to put his health first. Specific to your questions, I believe that NEC is fairly common among preemies. It is also pretty normal for their health to change rapidly. Although they may look like a normal full-term baby, the fact is that the last few weeks of prenatal development are vital. Preemies are significantly more vulnerable than other newborns, who are more vulnerable than toddlers, children and adults. It is awesome that you are asking questions and watching over your son's treatment. Here are some thoughts that might help.
1. Understand your son's medical condition.
Talk to your son's doctor and/or nurses. Keep asking questions until you understand what they are talking about. Don't let yourself be put off or talked down to. It is part of their job to help you understand so that you can make good decisions. Look also at other sources. I try to do as much research as I can online. Check different sources for some different viewpoints. If you are considering taking your son home, ask your doctor what complications s/he is concerned about. Ask him/her how quickly these complications typically arise. Don't be fooled by the phrase that something "can" happen. Ask how it USUALLY happens. Ask what how often the worst-case scenario usually happens. Understand that there are risks to keeping your son in the hospital and there are risks to taking him home. Until you understand his medical condition and it's possible repercussions, I would be very cautious about removing him. However, remember that you and your husband are his parents. It is up to YOU to make the final decision. Also understand that if you take him home, you will still have a very sick little boy and no nurses to help you. This might work for your family, especially if your son really is getting substandard care. However, I think it's important not to expect that he will suddenly become a "normal" newborn just by being removed from the hospital.
2. Understand NICU policies
The first thing I would do is ask for a copy of the policies and procedures of the NICU. If you notice that nurses are in violation of those policies, talk to the head nurse. If that does not help, move up the chain of command. Keep going until you get some action. If one particular nurse is a problem, either her attitude or the quality of care, ask for her to be removed from your son's care. You mentioned that there are lots of people coming and going. Are they visitors, or are there just a lot of staff members coming in and out? Each baby is typically allowed a certain number of visitors. While you can complain if that number is exceeded, there isn't anything you can do if several babies all have visitors at the same time. If you are still concerned, ask you son's doctor if the hospital has any policies on isolating preemies.
3. Don't be shy
If you don't put your son's health first, no one else at the NICU will. If you have questions, ask them. If you see something irregular, report it. If a particular nurse or doctor is rude or incompetent, ask for another. You should always have the final say over who provides care for your son. If you see someone not wash their hands, ask them politely, but firmly, to do it before they examine your child.
4. Be kind to your nurses
Remember that most nurses are there because they want to help. They are more than likely understaffed and overworked. Yes, they may make mistakes and no, you don't have to stand there and not say anything. However, there is nothing to be gained by being rude and alientating the staff that is caring for your son. A simple "please" and "thank you" can go a long way towards expressing your appreciation.
5. If you can pump milk for your son, do it
The early colostrum is especially important for preemies, because it provides living antibodies for them. Basically, it allows your immune system to fight in place of your son's weak immune system. Your hospital should have at least one lactation consultant on staff, and hospital-grade pumps available. You might have to have your doctor write a prescription for a breastpump to get your insurance to cover the rental fee. If you are able to pump, don't be dissuaded from giving your son your milk. If he needs extra calories, the formula powder can always be mixed with your breastmilk in his feeding tube. Oh, and if you are pumping, don't despair that your milk isn't "coming in." This is normal, and actually has a great benefit. Mother's of preemies usually wait longer for their milk to come in, because their bodies are providing more of the early colostrum that is so rich in antibodies. It's pretty amazing how you provide exactly what your son needs!
If you are not or cannot pump, your doctor might prescribe donor breastmilk from a local milk bank. These milk banks all have extremely stringent requirments for their donors, and all the milk is handled carefully and pasteurized to prevent bacterial contamination. You have to have a doctor's prescription for donor milk.
6. Accept that you are not God
Be as vigilant as you can, but also understand that you are not the master of your son's destiny. You can be on the alert, but you cannot guarantee that nothing will go wrong. Be there for him as much as you can, but remind yourself that it is not your fault when things don't go perfectly. Hopefully all your vigilance and patience will pay off soon, and your son will be home in your arms.
I hope and pray that all will turn out well for your family.
Best of luck,
S.