Hi M.,
I can't respond to the throwing-up issue, but as far as sleeping through the night, I went through the same thing, and here is what worked for me after consulting my pediatrician.
My son was exclusively breast fed during the night, and when he was still waking every two hours to eat during the night at his four month appointment, his pediatrician recommended "sleep training" and gave me a packet of info on a modified version of the Ferber method. I couldn't stand the thought of my baby crying to sleep, so I didn't go through with it. Then at my son's six month appointment, when he was STILL waking every two hours to eat, and I was worn to a frazzle, the doctor pretty much insisted we try it because a good night's sleep is so important for thier development at that age (and for mom, too). I stuck with it, and the program really worked. My son is now 18 months old, and for over 10 months now, has slept for 12 straight hours every night!
Basically, it boils down to having a consistent bed time routine, putting her to bed awake at at the same time each night (8 p.m. works great), and checking her when she cries but not picking her up or soothing/nursing her to sleep (you can pat her to let her know everything is okay) and then leave the room. You wait five minutes, and then check her agian, wait ten minutes, then check her again, and so on, increasing the amount of time between each check by five minutes until she goes to sleep (that way she knows you WILL respond to her cries so she does not feel abandoned, but if there is nothing wrong, you aren't going to hang around just because she doesn't want to sleep). You go through the same process of checking her but not feeding her or soothing her back to sleep each time she wakes at night. The program stresses the importance of allowing your baby to go to sleep/ return to sleep on her own. You can give her a comfort object (blankie, stuffed animal) to help her soothe herself, but do not feed her to get her to sleep.
The key is to stick with it. I learned the hard way when I gave up the first time and then had start all over. But, once I was consistent and did not waver form the program, it worked wonders and my son became a champion sleeper, which at one point I never thought was possible.
There are other variations on this method, so you may want to research your options, and choose a method that you are comfortable with (I have also heard of "Sleep Easy" but am not familiar with it.)
You will probably get a lot of different advice on this subject and ultimately will have to do what you are comfortable with. The key is consistency. Glad I could share what worked for me.