I would agree with others that say to ask questions of your doctor and be $-smart.
For example, I recently went in because a routine test was high. My doctor said to come back in 3 months because she wanted to repeat it (see if it went back to normal). I asked her - do I need to come in, or can you just write me a script that I can take to Quest? She wrote me the script. That way, if it comes back normal, all I'm paying is for the test, not the office visit. But if I hadn't asked, I would have been paying for the unnecessary office visit.
For trips to the pediatrician - once you took her in and the doctor looked at her the first time, when you had questions, did she really need to go back in, or could you have gotten advice from a nurse on the phone?
In general, how many of us (and I'm not pointing a finger at you, but rather our society as a whole) run to the doctor for antibiotics when we have a virus (which antibiotics won't help, but doctors give out anyway because patients insist)? We pay for that office visit and unnecessary antibiotics, when we would have gotten better in the same amount of time by waiting a few days.
I suggest that one reason that healthcare costs have gotten out of control is that we, as a society, have not had to bear the true cost of healthcare for a long time. We are in the habit of going to the doctor, even when it's not needed. Or, if we do need to go to the doctor, we don't ask questions of the doctor when it comes to the cost of different option. It was easy because we didn't have to think about the cost. This is not how we do anything else in life.
I know there are people with chronic diseases or those with emergencies who need to see doctors more often. They have few choices and for them, the high costs are terrible. But there are just as many people who could make different choices to keep costs down, but have simply never thought about it before, because they never saw the true costs of their decisions before.