Hi I have a 9yr old cat, we had to adapt too, and this is what we did.
We raised the safety gates high enough off the floor that the cat can go underneath but the child could not.
We keep our cat box in the basement (basement stairway is block with gate -reason to raise gate) and our cat box has a lid - its called a booda box available at Petmart I think - not expensive.
I moved my cat plate that I serve soft food from our kitchen to the hallway in the basement.
I have the dry cat food and water dish on top of our dryer and the cat got used to it - when he was hungry enough he learned where the food was and now has no trouble plus in my forgetfullness states I am able to notice the cat is out of food since I do laundry almost daily and the cat will come hang out with me too.
I did put away the cat toys when my daughter started crawling. Now they are back out, at 18months my daughter is not interested in chewing on the cat toys.
Good luck!!
M.