J.--
I don't know what your spiritual leanings are; but along with counseling or whatever else you try, you might want to find a good church that's compatible for you and your husband, and that also has a strong teen/preteen program. Call around; ask how often that age group meets, if they have an actual program or just social get-togethers (listening to lessons geared toward his age from a great youth pastor would really take him far); how many kids are currently attending these programs, and what the youth pastor is like. Don't approach this as trying to force him into a new mold--it'll backfire right away. But at the very least, if he makes new friends this way, there's a better chance that he'll be hanging out with positive influences when he's with them. Same goes if he confides in the pastors or the other parents. Going to church--or even working in one--doesn't make anyone perfect; but, aside from those occasional extreme circumstances that the news media loves to blow up all over the place, you'll find that there's generally an understood baseline of moral standards, commitment, patience, and respect. He just might find a refuge there for whatever he's going through, and some better attitudes just might rub off on him. Plus, someone recommended volunteer work--well there you go!!! Perfect setting to get involved!
My church (Mosaic, in Oakland) has really shown me how well this can work. Although it's tiny and has only just gotten started with its jr. high programs, I've come to really admire the mutual acceptance and support among all the members of its teen program, in spite of their differences. I'm humbled by the wisdom of many of their parents, and I'm amazed at the way Pastor Allen uniquely ministers to this age group. No doubt he's seen some lives and families transformed under his guidance. And there are plenty of churches who could claim similar victories.
Obviously, the Oakland area is a bit too far away; but I hope you'll be inspired to seek out a place like this in your area, whatever your denomination might be. Don't be afraid to shop around; don't put it off till you're "settled" (God has given me that lesson again and again--LIVE WHERE YOU ARE!)--and if you find a great place, only to face yet another move, be sure to ask around in case anyone has recommendations for where you're going.
Seriously, this would be good for the whole family. And as your darling boy hits that age where everything's YOU vs. the ideal, you need to set yourself up to be the best you can be, with your words and actions matching up 100%. (Come on, we all remember what that was like!)
--Oh, and one more excellent note from a friend of mine. She confesses that she was a total nightmare as a teen, frustrating and scaring her mother to no end. Her mother never gave up praying for her all those years, but here's the key: when she prayed, she always THANKED God for what He was going to help her daughter BECOME. Have faith, and don't give up! "Her children will rise up and call her blessed."--Proverbs 31:28