Hi J. - we just went through this same thing this past year so I thought I would share with you the things we did and asked.
We had the choice of public school, one charter school, private Christian school (tuition) or a local pre-school with kindergarten program (tuition)
First off, I would recommend visiting your neighborhood public school and the other schools you are interested in. That was key in our decision in choosing the public school over the charter school. The public school environment seemed happy and friendly and the kids were smiling. The office staff was friendlier too. The classrooms were large and sunny. We were on a waiting list for several charter schools in the area and the one we would have been able to go to was practically dismal in comparison. Also, the charter school student/teacher ratio was 22/1 whereas the public school was 17/2 (my son's class is smaller than normal - other tracks are 24/2 (one teacher and one full-time Educ. aide) The One Report showed that both schools were academically equal on test scores. (of note, this past year's One Report showed the public school stayed the same and both charter schools dropped a level in their rating)
Interview other parents and especially the principal or asst principal and ask all the questions you have. I discussed everything from homework, kids stress levels, if there had been any major discipline probs or drug probs, discipline policies, class ratios, access to Educational Assistants, after school programs, PE, recess, music and art curriculum, access to computers, foreign language curriculum. I even asked about school plays and concerts and what their feelings were about some of the PC stuff like - is it Christmas or winter break? (It was Christmas btw)
We also took into consideration our son and his temperament. He is very smart and we were concerned he would be bored at public school. I asked the asst princ. about what they normally did for bright kids to keep them challenged. She said that teachers normally had different levels of same curriculum for different kids. She was honest that they weren't always able to give them all the extra time they needed but encouraged me to continue to work with him at home and be in communication with the teacher to avoid any boredom probs. So far it's been great. He loves school and is doing great.
I also visited our public library and chatted with the ladies in the childrens section about the differences between the charter/public schools. They unanimously said that charter schools give significant amounts of homework even though the charter schools insist they don't. Charter said 20 minutes per night total per grade level. Librarians and parents said that 2nd grade and up this was more like 20min per class per night. Many smart 2nd graders had 2 hours of homework a night. Too much in my opinion, especially since I want my son to have time to play a sport, learn an instrument, take some art classes and still have time to play and ride his bike.
Oh - one last thing. My son catches the school bus at our corner every morning and loves it. (Someone at the school end gets the kindies off the buses first and takes them to class) It's great for me as I don't have to worry about carpool every morning. This was definitely an unexpected benefit!!
Best of luck to you and your son!