Here, I just wrote a whole book for you! ;)
My daughter didn't get any teeth until she was 11 months, so I totally understand your concern! :) A great tip I read in trying to find food they can eat is to try it out yourself first. Does a food get pretty mushy if you smash it with your own tongue? Most kids are actually much better at handling it then we'd first expect. Also, don't worry about first impressions. Most likely he'll reject any food at first because everything is new. (However, I've heard that the foods you eat can flavor your milk if you two are nursing. Don't know how true it is, but I do know my daughter eats better than my hubby!!! At least after she was about 18 months and suddenly started eating like a real child!)
Like several people said, he may be a little young for solids, but it depends on how he takes them, as they mentioned. If he's making chewing motions, though, he should be fine. Just start with softer things first, as it sounds like you're doing. Slippery things are hard to pick up, though, like canned peaches, etc. Someone gave the advice of tossing them in wheat germ, cracker or cereal crumbs would probably work too.
Fruits, because they're sweet and often have a more mild flavor, often take about 3-5 tries for them to be accepted regularly. Vegetables typically take longer since they are less sweet and often have a stronger flavor, like 10-15 tries! Don't give up, though, and don't make a big deal about it if he refuses something, which I had a hard time doing when I really liked a certain food myself! Just plan on offering several different foods through the meal and let him eat what he wants of what's there. Also, offer the new foods first, when he's hungriest! He's less likely to be willing to eat a new food if he's content with what he's already eaten or likes what he's been eating better.
Much of this is easier said than done, esp when it comes to having an assortment of foods on hand. My girl wasn't a big eater in the least, so I had to have a few bits of this and a few bits of that. Those 1/2c. glad or ziploc containers definitely came in handy during this period! Oh, and sometimes zapping a fruit/vegie for a bit in the microwave will make it just soft enough for him to eat. However, this may change the flavor, which may be bad or good.
Before crossing something off the list, offer it differently than you did before: mixed with a beloved food, fresh when he's only had it cooked, etc. My girl hated cooked carrots, but I discovered she loved them raw, so I chopped them in tiny cubes so she wouldn't choke on them.
Anyway, here are some suggestions. A good rule of thumb is the harder something is, the smaller you cube it.
fruits: (make sure they're ripe so they're softer)
- bananas, as you've tried
- apples, cooked
- peaches, fresh or rinsed if you use canned ones, can cook too
- pears, same as above, can cook too
- mango
- blueberries, cut in 1/2
- grapes, I actually started out cutting them into like 6 pieces so I knew they wouldn't be a choking hazard! :)
vegies:
- carrots
- squash, cooked
- peas
- broccoli, cooked or raw and diced down the road
- cauliflower, cooked (My girl LOVED cauliflower! I was shocked!!!! Cooked, though, is much milder and sweeter than raw. We both love it cooked, but don't care for it raw.)
- spinach--hold off on this until he's a year because of the nitrates in it, or something like that. Surprisingly, my girl loved fresh baby spinach, and she likes the frozen chopped stuff mixed with her pasta and parmesan cheese, same w/ broccoli!
- asparagus, steamed & cut small as he gets a little more used to solids - when my girl around 18mo, I handed her some at the grocery store so she could see what it looked and felt like, and I asked her if we should take it home and eat it. Then I turned around to look at something else, and when I turned back, she was happily chowing down on it!
- bell peppers, diced & cooked
- potato, baked and diced
proteins:
- beans - cooked and cut in half, she loved beans!
- peanut butter, spread thinly (if no food allergies in fam)
- meats, cut very thinly across the grain so that they'll fall apart more easily. Meats cooked in liquid (soups, pot roast) are the most tender.
and as he gets a little better with solids:
- eggs (if you don't have a history of allergies in your fam); I always had issues with hard-boiled eggs because the yolks were so terribly messy. I preferred scrambled eggs with milk added to them as they were cooking so they'd be nice and tender. This was one of the ways I was finally able to start sneaking cheddar cheese into her as well!
- Parmesan cheese, grated (my girl LOVED it)
- shredded cheeses
- melted cheese (she quickly liked cheddar melted on tortillas, but she hasn't warmed up to cold cheddar yet...I haven't pushed her on that one, though, because I didn't like cold cheddar either) ;)
grains:
- puffed grains (cereal aisle) they're way cheaper than the gerber puffs and healthier too
- bread, cubed (whole grain is better than white, white gets kinda sticky and clumps up in a baby's mouth--just as too many raisins will when he's a toddler! Watch out for that!)
- pasta (orzo was a little too small....elbow is good, but I think I did still cut them in half for a while...invest in a good pair of kitchen shears, they're awesome for cutting spagetti & other pastas! Just stick the pasta in a bowl, snip around several times and you're done!)
- rice - my girl didn't digest brown rice very well, but we still fed it to her on occasion cuz that's what we were eating (came out whole in her diapers!)
- tortillas, diced (she hated the spongy feel of bread, but she liked tortillas)
As you can see, they can really pretty much eat anything you eat, especially once they get the hang of it. Just make sure it's soft first. Oh, and SOUP is great for that! We visited my in-laws at Christmas when she was little, and she was eating more than she'd ever eaten in her life. At first, I felt like a poor cook, but then I realized 1) she was going through a serious growth spurt and 2) we were eating lots of soup! Soups of all kinds are still a favorite, and you can sneak any new food into soup!
I've actually taken advantage of this time of introducing new foods to my daughter by trying out new foods myself. Although my picky husband hasn't always appreciated it, we've had a great time and learned that there really are a lot of other healthy, enjoyable foods out there, especially when it comes to vegies! (You just have to learn how to use them.)