I am so sorry that this teacher said this, but it may work for you very well.
The answer is that it could be any one of the things you mentioned, it could be all of them, and it could be none of them. The way to find out quickly is to find a Neuropsycholgist and get your son evaluated as quickly as you can. Because of his age, it is important that you not delay too much here, and move quickly. Call several Neuropsychologists, and take the first avialable appointment for ALL of them, put yourself on the cancelation list, and call and cancel the ones that come after you finally get in to see someone for an evaluation. Find a Board Certified Child Psychiatrist to help with any medical diagnosis that may or may not be needed, but do get the evaluation data to back up the medical diagnosis. A psychiatrists office will be able to give you the names of good Neuropsycholgists when you make an appointment. Do not rely on your pediatrician to make this diagnosis or provide the treament if any medical intervention is needed, the majoirty of them are just not the best resource for ADHD (ADD is really ADHD-I inatentive type.)
You should also call an occupational therapists office and ask for a referal to a Developmental Optomitrist in your area. This is an eye doctor who does regular eye exams too, but they also assess the way your child is using his eye mucles. Difficulty with these skills can cause many of the issues your son is experiencing. It is possible that this condition stands alone, but it is just as likely that it is comorbid with ADHD or dyslexia.
At least 25% of all children with ADHD also have dyslexia, and of those who don't who experience difficulty reading, an Orton Gillingham based alphabet phonics or Dyslexia intervention program will be what they need anyway to learn to read. Every child can learn to read this way. Your teacher made a huge error. Here is what you do!
You teacher just told you that she suspects that your child has a disablity when she said that your son needs medication. When ever a school district representative suspects that a child has a disablity, and has an educational need (he can't read...find out what his grade level is for reading, this would be helpful) the school has an affirmative obligation to evaluate your son and provide services. Oh, but there is more...
When she suggested medication, what she meant was ADHD, so she obligated the school to evaluate him specificially for ADHD too. So call her out on it. Send an email to the district special education director, or the coordinator for special education in your building, copy the teacher, and request that your son have a full evaluation, based on his educational need (note his reading level) and your teachers recognition and suspicion, and suggestion to you that he may have ADHD. Add that you request a full evaluation of all of his academic skills, including a dyslexia evaluation, and evaluation for any and all reading disablities, and any and all learning disablities in written expression. Further, request a speech and lagnague evaluation, and an occupational therapy assessment. You have them by the short and curleys. Still get your private evaluation, and provide the maximum services you can to your son, especially if the school drags their feet or fails to offer services. His reading window will close very soon, you need to get him into an alphebet phonics reading program as soon as you can.
More...IDEA favors something called RTI or Response to Intervention. Your son can recieve this reading program now, without being diagnosed with a reading disablity, if your school district is so inclined. Request that services start now, under and RTI program, so that your son can begin to make progress. It is worth a shot, you may get it sooner than if you have to wait for the evaluation results.
Always write to the school about this, becasue if it did not happen in writing, it never happened, and they can tell you they will do something, then not do it, and nothing will ever happen to them. Don't give them this extra time. Write to them, tell them that you expect for your son's evaluation to be completed within 30 school days of your signature for consent to evaluate, and ask that you be scheduled for a meeting to sign consent for that evaluation within 10 school days of the receipt of this communication. They will know that you mean business.
Get on the phone, and write some emails and set this in motion.
Do not try to accomodate him until you know what is going on based on the data, and get the data as quickly as you can.
For information, go to www.wrightslaw.com and read about advocacy. There is a great article called Understanding tests and Measurments for parents and advocates, read it until you understand it so that you can know what the data means when it starts rolling in. The school cannot BS you if you know what they are talking about and hold your own evaluation too.
Read about ADHD and other issues in a book by Dr. Mel Levine called "All Kinds of Minds" you may see some insights that will help you, and he has terrific strategies and advice.
That is probably enough for now, there are other books and orgnizations that will help you once you know what you are dealing with.
Good luck! let me know if I can help more, I work as an educational advocate for children with disablities, so I may be able to point you in the right direction.
M.
Couple of notes: ADHD requries medication because it is a medical issue, learning disablities do not require medication, but do requre educational intervention. Many children have both. Both ADHD and learning disablities require the children, their parents, teachers, and therapists to work very hard, whether or not medication is appropriate has nothing to do with hard work.
Sugar is not shown to have any impact on how children learn. There is a lot of myth and anecdote, but no link has been identified in any emprical study.
Fluency programs are avaliable for children with processing issues and speech problems, but, for the most part, parents should be careful of these programs. Fluency programs are cheap and require little teacher training nor hands on instruction, and one teacher or aid can run mulitple children through a fluency program on a daily basis without any child in the program learning to decode a single sylable or phoneme. Once children can decode and sound out words and speed is the only issue they have with reading, or congnative ablity is low, then fluency programs are appropriate. These programs do not help students who need to learn to read with anything more than the ablity to recite the same passages quickly from memory and do improve the speed in which most children can read the sight words that they then may become familiar with. This kind of program does not replace, and is not appropriate for children who need to learn to decode and sound out words or whose ablity to do so is so combersome that their reading comprehension suffers as a reslut. First, your son needs an alphabet phonics program to learn to read, and he needs to complete it. If fluency is still an issue, then a reading fluency program is appropriate.
There is a "pre qualifyer" that one poster mentioned about your son needing to show that he has had adequate instruction before the school does any testing. That is two fold, one, the student must have had instruction (I can assume that you can prove that) and the teacher will have to have tried in class accodations before a referal. She blew both steps by suggesting that she thought he had a disablity, so, she accepts that he has both had instruction and that the application of in class options is not needed, becuase she already voiced the suspiscion, which obligates his school to act.
There are many educational theories. Right now, the one that is in the most favor in American Education establishes that chidren who do not read well by the end of third grade are at very high risk of reading failure and every effort should be made to set struggling readers on the right path prior to the end of third grade. RTI was the answer to this established educational tennet, and was designed so that the diagnsois of reading disablities was not necessary prior to the provision of reading intervention programs in the hopes that fewer children would need to be identified as having a learning disablity. Your son may have already aged beyond RTI being of much concequence, as you have no time to give anything a try without knowing for certian what he needs, and how much, based on the data, that you have confirmed by professionals to be sure that the school is not underserving him.