I would like to just throw this into the discussion. It is commonly believed that it is advisable to turn a child forward facing at one year and 20 lbs. This is no longer advisable or recommended by any safety advisory board or commission, including the American Academy of Pediatrics or the NHTSA. I have included their recommendations below. I tend to get a little passionate when discussing this topic, so please excuse me if I am telling you what you already know. In case this is new information though, I would like to make a plug for "extended rear facing" which is keeping your child rear facing in the car as long as the car seat will allow. I have included within my post, as well as at the end, several links to consider when deciding when to turn your child forward facing in the car. When making your decision about car seats, it is important to keep in mind that the American Academy of Pediatric's recommendation according to their website is as follows:
Infants and toddlers—rear-facing
"The AAP recommends that all infants should ride rear-facing starting with their first ride home from the hospital. All infants and toddlers should ride in a Rear-Facing Car Safety Seat until they are 2 years of age OR until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by their car safety seat’s manufacturer."
Click on the American Academy of Pediatrics link: http://www.aap.org/healthtopics/carseatsafety.cfm
When you are on the page, click Car Safety Seats: A Guide for Families 2011 to find a complete list of car seats and their weight and height limits.
The NHTSA's recommendation is this:
1 – 3 years
Keep your child rear-facing as long as possible. It’s the best way to keep him or her safe. Your child should remain in a rear-facing car
seat until he or she reaches the top height or weight limit allowed by your car seat’s manufacturer. Once your child outgrows the
rear-facing car seat, your child is ready to travel in a forward-facing car seat with a harness.
"Did you know that it's five times safer for a child to be rear facing? Scandinavian children are rear facing until they are 4–5 years old (25kg or 55lbs), which has resulted in a much lower number of children injured or dead in car accidents compared with other countries...)
"The neck is completely unprotected when the head is catapulted forward. Whether the child can withstand the force of impact has nothing to do with muscle power. It is the spine that has to keep the head in place...... This means that the neck is vulnerable to the great force it's being subjected to in a car crash and in a worst case scenario the neck will stretch so much that the spine snaps. This is called INTERNAL DECAPITATION AND BASICALLY MEANS THAT THE CHILD HAS BEEN INTERNALLY BEHEADED. In tests, the dummy's neck has been stretched as much as 2 inches, but the spine can not be stretch more than a quarter of an inch before snapping." (http://www.rearfacing.co.uk/facts.php)
If you can, I would strongly recommend you watch the videos which do a really good job of demonstrating the difference between what a child's body experiences front facing in a collision vs. rear facing. It is quite dramatic!
CPSafety - Your online child passenger safety resource
www.cpsafety.com
http://www.childrestraintsafety.com/rear-facing.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sssIsceKd6U&feature=share
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKIeExpDLDA&feature=re...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2DVfqFhseo&feature=re...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8gU9zzCGA8&feature=re...