Z.A.
I am not a big guilt and shame person. In fact, I go to extreme lengths to work around and avoid it...I think that 95% of guilt and shame are wasted emotions that merely screw up peoples lives. That said...This is where I get to admit to sounding heartless.
Biting and hitting/punching were the first things I intentionally made my son cry over. He was about a year and a half. Wheeeee....Gawd I hated doing that. The biting lasted less then a week, and the hitting about a month. We used the whole thing as a "learn to identify, and how to deal with negative emotions" learning experience, but I did SERIOUSLY guilt trip him into tears over it.
Granted he was crying to begin with. I ignored whatever he was upset about (I think he had skinned his knee -not badly) and asked him if he liked how he felt? I then pointed out all the things that go along with crying because something hurts, and how HE HAD MADE "little suzy" feel JUST LIKE HE DID NOW when he bit her. I intentionally heaped it on, making him cry harder, before I comforted him. I DID, of course comfort him, and then we did the "How Much Do I Love You Game" (There's a GREAT book called "Mama, do you love me?" that we based this game off of.
http://www.amazon.com/Mama-Do-You-Love-Me/dp/087701759X?
Then, whenever he went to bite/hit someone I would remind him of how he felt when he skinned his knee and cried. This was also when we started learning to take a deep breath and count to five. I would have him repeat after me...I don't think in the beginning he even knew they were numbers (I could have had him memorize a recipe for Paprikash, for all it mattered, what counted was the time spent remembering and counting vs. swirling in the emotion.) We used this period as a huge emotional development tool (in word and action and in starting to develop empathy).
So that's the hard part. The great part was that he had a very early emotional vocabulary (because we talked about it and identified), and has been using using tools (like time outs, taking a deep breath and counting, "t'ink about it", the "and then what?", problem solving & laughter) since he was very little.
I know everyone has different methods for this, but case specifically, this was ours.